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By Bojanna Shantheyanda, Sreya Dutta, Kevin Coscia and David SchiemerDynalene, Inc. Liquid air conditioning, which can be attained using indirect or direct means, is used in electronics applications having thermal power densities that may go beyond safe dissipation via air cooling. Indirect liquid air conditioning is where warm dissipating digital parts are physically divided from the liquid coolant, whereas in case of straight cooling, the elements are in direct contact with the coolant.


In indirect cooling applications the electrical conductivity can be crucial if there are leakages and/or spillage of the liquids onto the electronic devices. In the indirect air conditioning applications where water based fluids with corrosion preventions are typically utilized, the electrical conductivity of the liquid coolant mainly depends upon the ion concentration in the fluid stream.


The boost in the ion focus in a shut loop fluid stream might take place due to ion seeping from steels and nonmetal components that the coolant liquid touches with. During procedure, the electric conductivity of the fluid might boost to a level which can be harmful for the cooling system.

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(https://go.bubbl.us/e7b94c/59c7?/New-Mind-Map)They are grain like polymers that are qualified of trading ions with ions in an option that it touches with. In the here and now job, ion leaching tests were performed with numerous steels and polymers in both ultrapure deionized (DI) water, i.e. water which is dealt with to the highest levels of pureness, and reduced electrical conductive ethylene glycol/water combination, with the measured adjustment in conductivity reported over time.


The examples were allowed to equilibrate at space temperature for 2 days prior to tape-recording the preliminary electric conductivity. In all examinations reported in this study fluid electric conductivity was gauged to a precision of 1% using an Oakton disadvantage 510/CON 6 collection meter which was calibrated before each dimension.

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from the wall heating coils to the facility of the heater. The PTFE example containers were positioned in the heater when consistent state temperatures were gotten to. The examination arrangement was eliminated from the heater every 168 hours (seven days), cooled down to area temperature level with the electric conductivity of the fluid gauged.


The electrical conductivity of the liquid example was monitored for a total amount of 5000 hours (208 days). Schematic of the indirect shut loop cooling down experiment set up. Components utilized in the indirect shut loop cooling experiment that are in call with the liquid coolant.


Before starting each experiment, the test configuration was rinsed with UP-H2O a number of times to eliminate any type of contaminants. The system was packed with 230 ml of UP-H2O and was permitted to equilibrate at room temperature level for an hour before recording the initial electrical conductivity, which was 1.72 S/cm. Fluid electric conductivity was measured to a precision of 1%.

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The adjustment in fluid electrical conductivity was kept track of for 136 hours. The liquid from the system was accumulated and kept.


Table 2. Test matrix for both ion leaching and indirect shut loophole air conditioning experiments. Table 2 shows the examination matrix that was utilized for both ion leaching and closed loophole indirect cooling experiments. The change in electrical conductivity of the liquid examples when mixed with Dowex mixed silicone fluid bed ion exchange material was gauged.


0.1 g of Dowex resin was added to 100g of liquid examples that was absorbed a different container. The mix was stirred and transform in the electrical conductivity at room temperature level was determined every hour. The measured adjustment in the electrical conductivity of the UP-H2O and EG-LC examination fluids having polymer or steel when immersed for 5,000 hours at 80C is shown Number 3.

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Ion leaching experiment: Calculated adjustment in electric conductivity of water and EG-LC coolants including either polymer or metal samples when submersed for 5,000 hours at 80C. The outcomes show that metals added less ions into the liquids than plastics in both UP-H2O and EG-LC based coolants.




Liquids consisting of polypropylene and HDPE exhibited the cheapest electrical conductivity adjustments. This might be as a result of the short, stiff, straight chains which are less most likely to contribute ions than longer branched chains with weaker intermolecular forces. Silicone likewise carried out well in both examination fluids, as polysiloxanes are normally chemically inert as a result of the high bond energy of the silicon-oxygen bond which would avoid degradation of the product right into the liquid.

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It would certainly be expected that PVC would generate similar results to those of PTFE and HDPE based on the similar chemical structures of the products, nonetheless there might be various other contaminations existing in the PVC, such as plasticizers, that might affect the electric conductivity of the fluid - silicone synthetic oil. Furthermore, chloride groups in PVC can additionally seep into the examination fluid and can create a boost in electrical conductivity


Buna-N rubber and polyurethane revealed signs of degradation and thermal decomposition which suggests that their feasible energy as a gasket or glue product at greater temperatures could bring about application problems. Polyurethane entirely degenerated right into the examination liquid by the end of 5000 hour test. Number 4. Before and after photos of steel and polymer samples submersed for 5,000 hours at 80C in the ion seeping experiment.


Calculated adjustment in the electric conductivity of UP-H2O coolant as a function of time with and without resin cartridge in the shut indirect cooling loop experiment. The measured change in electric conductivity of the UP-H2O for 136 hours with and without ion exchange material in the loop is displayed in Number 5.